be

Used with the -ing form of a verb to make continuous tenses.

• She is reading a book in the garden.
  Bahçede kitap okuyor.
• We were watching TV when you called.
  Sen aradığında televizyon izliyorduk.

Used with a past participle to make the passive.

• The bridge was built in 1973.
  Köprü 1973'te inşa edildi.
• English is spoken in many countries.
  İngilizce birçok ülkede konuşulur.

Used in be going to, to talk about plans and things that are likely to happen.

• I'm going to visit my grandmother this weekend.
  Bu hafta sonu büyükannemi ziyaret edeceğim.
• Look at those clouds, it's going to rain.
  Şu bulutlara bak, yağmur yağacak.

Used in short answers and question tags instead of repeating the whole verb.

• Are you tired? – Yes, I am.
  Yorgun musun? – Evet, yorgunum.
• It's a lovely day, isn't it?
  Ne güzel bir gün, değil mi?

Used with a to-infinitive to talk about official plans or orders.

• You are to stay in your room until dinner.
  Akşam yemeğine kadar odanda kalacaksın.
• The new hospital is to open next month.
  Yeni hastane gelecek ay açılacak.