Phrases & Expressions

The most important fact or consideration.

• The bottom line is that we need more funding.
• The bottom line is, we need more money.

A formal opening phrase used in a letter or email when you do not know the name of the specific person you are addressing.

• My letter began with 'To whom it may concern' because I didn't know the manager's name.
• To whom it may concern: this letter confirms that Ms Lee worked here for five years.

To contact someone briefly to give or get the latest news about something.

• Let's touch base next week to discuss the project.
• I just wanted to touch base about the new proposal.

Used to refer to a particular subject or point; concerning.

• I am writing with regard to your letter of 5 March.
• With regard to the price, we can offer a small discount.

To begin a project or activity on a small scale before expanding.

• If you want to run a marathon, start small with short daily jogs.
• We decided to start small and test the market.

A risk taken after careful thought, where the possible benefits are greater than the possible dangers.

• Starting a new business is often a calculated risk.
• She took a calculated risk by investing in that startup.

In writing, especially when it provides clear proof or confirmation.

• I want your agreement in black and white.
• The terms of the deal were clearly laid out in black and white.

An agreement made by word of mouth, not in writing.

• An oral contract is difficult to prove.
• They had an oral contract for the services.

An item that was previously unavailable is now available to buy again.

• Good news! The product is back in stock.
• We expect it to be back in stock next week.

To do something in order to gain extra time for a decision or action.

• We're not sure whether to buy the house yet — we need to buy some time to think it over.
• I'm not sure if I want to accept the job offer; I'd better buy some time to think.